Traditional Jewish eschatology, drawing on the Tanach and the Talmud, teaches that the end of days involves a final, cataclysmic struggle between the descendants of Abraham—focusing on the spiritual forces of Israel, Eisav (Esau / Rome / the Western world), and Yishmael (Ishmael / the Arab world).
The Role of Eisav: In Jewish tradition, Eisav represents Edom, symbolizing Western civilization, Rome, and materialism. The Talmud (Yoma 10a) and prophetic writings discuss a final exile and struggle under the dominion of Edom.
The Role of Yishmael: Yishmael represents the Arab nations and early Islamic empires. In the end times, Yishmael is prophesied to hold sway and challenge the Jewish people, often forcing them to deeply evaluate their connection to the Land of Israel.
The wars and tribulations of Eisav and Yishmael are seen as the final purifications of the world. The era ends not with destruction, but with universal peace, where all humanity abandons war and recognizes the One G-d, as prophesied in Yeshayahu (Isaiah) and Zecharia (Zechariah).
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